requestId:68499abd1d28a2.92385444.
From thinking, criticism or analysis of historical philosophy to historical philosophy of civilization theory
Author: Chen Yun
Source: Author Author Authorized Confucian Network Published
Original “Tongji Major Journal. Social Science Edition” Issue 04, 2018
Time: Confucius was the 16th day of the Xuanyue of Wuxu
Ji Chou
Jesus October 24, 2018
[Abstract]The word “history” has a dual meaning of historical existence and historical recognition. Generally speaking, the speculative historical philosophy focuses on historical existence, while the critical/analytical historical philosophy explores historical awareness. However, thinking and historical philosophy are lovely but not trustworthy. Its contribution lies in taking history as a whole, exploring its meaning, form and goal, but cannot be criticized by the proven empirical notion; criticized and analytical historical philosophy abandons the huge high-level goal of thinking and historical philosophy, and under the infinite maneuverable goal, it turns to historical knowledge and explores how historical knowledge can be The nature of historical interpretation, the objectivity of history, etc., in order to provide a guide for historical knowledge and historical writing, but historical reality concerns and historical meanings have become problems; historical philosophy with the theory of the theory is used to analyze the subsequent situation of historical philosophy, limiting historical experience to historical texts, but there is still a problem of history being narrowed and history having escaped from historical descriptions. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the dual connotations of history and construct historical philosophy with profound history and civilization thickness. This is the historical philosophy of inclusive civilization theory, which inherits world history through the inheritance of civilization.
【Keywords】 Historical philosophy, thinking, analysis, and civilization discussion
1. The two connotations of history and the two types of historical philosophy
Generally speaking, the “history” as an object of historical philosophy The word “has two basic connotations related to each other: one is the historical reality as “past” and composed of past events and behaviors, and the other is the writing, arrangement and interpretation of past historical events, behaviors and processes. Historical writing itself includes exploration of history. Therefore, the word “history” in Greek has the meaning of investigation and exploration, while the history in English, German and other languages also has the above two connotations of history. [①] The “history” of Han originally refers to the person who is a reporter. “Legendary•Takimo” says: “The Book of Zuo Shi is a book of “The Book of Zuo Shi”In this case, he said that the Right Historian wrote it. “Wang Guowei’s “History” says: “The basic meaning of ‘historical’ is to hold books, which is extended to the name of large and common officials, and also extended to the name of duty. The last three require special characters, so the three characters “historical”, “li” and “shi” are completely different in small seal script: those who hold books refer to “historical”, those who govern people refer to “library”, and those who do things and “shi” who do things. This tile comes from the Qin and Han dynasties, and the texts of “Pen” and “Book” are not very different. “[②]History means that the works are both history of past lives, and historical books, as well as historical writers of dynasties, the historical books of historical writers are the organizational department of political careers, and both governing people and affairs are divided from the balance of history. While showing that Chinese thoughts have unique understanding of history, they also convey the above two connotations that are inherent in “history”.
Although the two connotations are different, they are related. Past events and behaviors are not directly equivalent to history. This means that for the old events, old events are not history at the moment when the old events occur. Only the experience of the old events after the past is history. In this regard, the affairs and behaviors that constitute history can only become history through the historical experience of the historical subject. Therefore, the so-called “separate Packaging Network Comparison Past”, that is, the past that has been activated by memory, experience, etc. in a certain field without its “future”, has passed away, but this past is not history; the object of all historical research is “the past that has not yet passed away intact at this time. For example, memory of something, or misfortune of something. ”[③] History is no longer the same as the old event that has disappeared, but the re-experience of the old event in a new context. In this meaning, the first connotation of history cannot be removed from the second connotation.
For specific personal, including historians, the current career situation in a certain meaning is the extension of past historical events and behaviors, the so-called old event In this meaning, the past is not the past, but is opened up as the present past, as the present landscape and conditions. J.G.Droysen (1808-1884) said that the past has not passed away for the ancients (unvergange) Gegenwärtigkeit der Vergangenheit) is widely present in all the developments of historians and their world to this day. “History is extremely infinite; because it is actually just a department we have recognized from this day. It is indeed very short and often not too big; it is just a setting and combination of the affairs we are concerned about in past events. “And the so-called “now” is defined by Deloisen: “It only refers to things we can recognize and accessIn terms of. ”[④]
The reason why the past as history has not passed away is not only because it continues to exist, so that it has entered into its current structure, and also because of our current experience and memory: “Those actions become history as long as we grasp and deal with them with historical perspectives; they themselves are not history, but are only history under our eyes, and after our eyes, they become history. We have to convert them. After this transformation, the past’s career has become history. In other words, those inner things that have their own reasons for their own actions will become history after our memory, our historical consciousness and our ability to grasp them effectively. As long as we remember what we have, it is the past that has not yet passed away, and it is the past that has the present nature. ”[⑤]
The above two connotations of history related to each other can be combined into historical existence and historical understanding. Taking this as the basis, two different types of historical philosophy can be produced: one is aimed at historical events and their processes and their processes themselves and is based on href=”https://twlovecandy520.org/”>Brain the meaning This is to come out and understand history. One is to talk about history and write about history and to come out and understand history. The former is to think about history philosophy, and the latter is to criticize historical philosophy or analyze historical philosophy. The thinking about history philosophy is to be the same as As the history of past events and actions, one can be seen as the historical philosophy of the first order, while the historical philosophy of criticism or analysis evaluates the old events and activities in the experience of historical content, and therefore belongs to the historical philosophy of the second order. The two types of historical philosophy seem to be close to the philosophy of history (events and their processes) respectively (philosophy). Philosophy of history and historical writing. Analysis or criticism of historical philosophy seems to lock the subject of history as a historian, so what is structured is the historian’s thinking method; while speculating (specculative) historical philosophy or substantial historical philosophy focuses on the direction of history itself, such as the form, progress, rehabilitation of history, etc. [⑥]Baobao.comThe historical philosophy that analyzes or criticizes focuses on the nature of historical interpretation, causal judgment in history, objectivity of history, etc. “Try to figure out the nature of historians themselves, and its goal is to ‘planning’ the plaque that historical research should possess in intellectual maps”[⑦]; while the speculative historical philosophy focuses on the form, mechanism and rules of history as the whole, and the goal of the history of the whole.and meaning and other issues.
The first to divide the typology of thinking and analysis of historical philosophy is Walsh (William H. Walsh, 1913-1986). He started the two types of historical philosophy through the two connotations of history. The analytical historical philosophy focuses on the process of historical thinking, and the speculative historical philosophy focuses on the actual process of histor
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